Vermont State Income Tax Guide (2026)
Vermont's 4-bracket income tax tops at 8.75%, but the line item that hurts most homeowners isn't income tax — it's the statewide education property tax stacked on top of municipal rates, producing the third-highest effective property tax in the country at 1.90%. Burlington's UVM Medical Center is the state's largest employer; GlobalFoundries Essex Junction is the only major semiconductor fab in New England. Vermont has no reciprocity agreements with any state, despite what most other tax guides will tell you.
Top State Rate
8.8%
$100k Take-Home
$74,690
/year (single)
State Tax on $100k
$4,490
single filer
Vermont Income Tax Brackets (2026)
| Marginal Rate | Taxable Income (Single Filer) |
|---|---|
| 3.35% | $0→$49,400 |
| 6.6% | $49,400→$119,700 |
| 7.6% | $119,700→$249,700 |
| 8.75% | $249,700→All taxable income above $249,700 |
Each rate applies only to income within that bracket. Your effective rate is the average across all brackets — noticeably lower than your top marginal rate.
Standard deduction: $7,400 single / $14,800 married filing jointly
Brackets reflect the most recently published schedules. Some states inflation-index thresholds annually — specific 2026 amounts may shift slightly. Verify with your state's Department of Revenue before filing.
Want exact numbers for your situation?
The dedicated Vermont paycheck calculator lets you adjust salary, filing status (single, MFJ, HOH, MFS), 401(k) and HSA contributions, dependents for your exact 2026 take-home figure.
The 30-second version
- 1.Vermont has 4 progressive brackets topping at 8.75% above ~$229,450 single (indexed annually). Most professionals at $80K–$200K pay an effective rate around 5.5%–6.5% — the 6.6% middle bracket is the dominant rate for typical professional comp.
- 2.Property tax averages 1.90% effective — third-highest in the country. The structure is unusual: Vermont stacks a statewide education property tax on top of municipal rates, dating to the Brigham decision (1997) and Act 60. Income-sensitive prebate available for moderate-income households.
- 3.Vermont has NO reciprocity agreements with any state — despite what older guides claim. NH/MA/NY residents working in VT pay VT tax; VT residents working in those states pay tax to the source state with a VT credit. The cross-border math works through credit, not reciprocity.
- 4.GlobalFoundries Essex Junction is the only major semiconductor fab still operating in New England (~2,000 employees, the IBM Burlington fab acquired 2015). UVM Medical Center is the state's largest employer (~9,000) and the academic medical anchor for northern New England.
- 5.Burlington tech cluster: Beta Technologies (electric aviation), Dealer.com (digital auto marketing), Logic Supply / OnLogic (rugged industrial computing), Burton Snowboards (still HQ Burlington), plus UVM's research enterprise. Punches above metro size.
- 6.Vermont Estate Tax: $5M exemption (federal $13.99M for context), 16% top rate. Late-career HNW relocation to NH or FL is genuinely common, especially for filers with $5M+ in non-real-estate assets.
- 7.Major employers: UVM Medical Center (~9,000), University of Vermont, GlobalFoundries Essex Junction (~2,000), Beta Technologies (~700, electric aviation Burlington + Plattsburgh), Dealer.com (~700), Logic Supply / OnLogic, Burton Snowboards HQ Burlington, Champlain College, Middlebury College, Vermont State Government Montpelier, Stowe / Killington / Sugarbush / Mount Snow ski resorts, plus Dartmouth-Hitchcock cross-river in Hanover NH (employs many VT residents in the Upper Valley).
A quick hello before we start
Pull up a chair — or, if you're reading this on your phone in line at Penny Cluse Cafe on Cherry Street before a Saturday omelet and Cluse hash, a stool. We'll be quick.
Quick note up top: nothing here is personal tax, legal, or financial advice. Real numbers, honest opinions, the kind of explainer you'd want from a friend who happens to know Vermont tax law and won't bill you $400/hour. Your situation has wrinkles only your CPA can iron out — treat this like a coffee at Maglianero on Maple Street or Speeder & Earl's, not your accountant's office on Main.
Last reviewed: May 2026 · Reviewed annually each January when new brackets publish
Why you can trust these numbers
Numbers reflect 2026 IRS federal brackets, caps, and the Vermont Department of Taxes 4-bracket schedule (thresholds indexed annually per Vermont statute). The calculator at the top of this page applies Vermont's progressive rates. Vermont conforms to federal starting point so federal pre-tax and HSA contributions reduce Vermont taxable income identically. Standard deduction $7,400 single / $14,800 MFJ for 2026 — Vermont indexes annually. Property tax estimates use the Vermont Department of Taxes equalized education tax rate plus municipal rates; the actual bill on a specific property depends on town-specific municipal rates, the homestead vs non-homestead classification, and whether you've filed for the income-sensitivity adjustment. Reviewed each January when the Department of Taxes posts updates. Spot something off? Tell us.
Sources: federal brackets + standard deduction from IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32; state brackets verified against the Tax Foundation 2026 State Income Tax Rates compilation and the official Form IN-111 Individual Income Tax Forms (VT Department of Taxes).
The 4-bracket schedule and the property-tax structure that funds the state
Vermont's bracket schedule has been broadly stable since the early 2010s, with periodic threshold indexing. The 4-bracket structure (3.35% / 6.6% / 7.6% / 8.75%) puts most professionals at $80K–$200K firmly in the 6.6% middle bracket on the bulk of their income. The 8.75% top kicks in only above ~$229,450 single — higher than the threshold in most progressive-rate states. Vermont's top rate is genuinely high (third in New England behind NY and MA), but for moderate professional comp the effective rate runs 5.5%–6.5% — comparable to Maryland combined state-plus-county or moderate-bracket Connecticut. The 2010s brought minor schedule simplifications; the General Assembly periodically debates broader reform but the structure has held.
What a typical filer actually pays: a $115,000 single UVM Medical Center mid-career floor RN with shift differentials. VT taxable income, after the $7,400 standard deduction, is ~$107,600. VT tax: 3.35% on first $45,000 + 6.6% on next $62,600 + 7.6% on remainder = roughly $5,640, about 4.9% effective on gross. The headline says 8.75%; the math says 4.9% at $115K because the 8.75% tier doesn't kick in until above $229K. At $200K effective creeps to 6.4%; at $300K, 7.0%; at $500K, 7.8%.
Property tax is where Vermont actually hurts. The state funds K-12 education through a dedicated statewide education property tax (set annually, varying for homestead vs non-homestead) stacked on top of municipal rates. Result: third-highest effective property tax rate in the country at 1.90%. A $400K Burlington home pays roughly $7,600/year combined; the same home in Stowe pays $4,800–$5,800 thanks to lower equalized rates. The income-sensitivity adjustment reduces the bill substantially for households under specific thresholds — frequently unclaimed. File the homestead declaration annually if you qualify; savings compound across years.
What you'll actually pay — three real-life scenarios
Three Vermonters most readers can identify with. Find the one closest to you. If none match, the calculator at the top is for you.
Illustrative — single filer unless noted, full-year Vermont residency, W-2 income, federal-conforming standard deduction at the federal level, Vermont standard deduction applied. Property tax estimates reflect statewide education property tax stacked on municipal rates; the actual bill on a specific property varies by town, classification, and income-sensitivity status. Ballparks, not invoices.
Scenario 1: UVM Medical Center bedside RN in South Burlington, $82,000
| Federal income tax | ~$8,580 |
| Vermont state income tax (~3.6% effective) | ~$2,985 |
| FICA (Social Security + Medicare) | ~$6,273 |
| Total taxes | ~$17,838 |
| Annual take-home | ~$64,162 |
| Effective combined rate | ~21.8% |
UVM Medical Center is the academic medical anchor for the entire Champlain Valley and a tertiary-referral center for northern New England — Level 1 trauma, the UVM Cancer Center, the children's hospital, plus the broader UVM Health Network running into northern New York. Bedside nursing comp tracks New England average ($78K–$95K for floor RN), with $5–$10/hour shift differentials adding 16%–20% on nights and weekends. The combined Vermont + federal + payroll bill works out to about $686 per biweekly paycheck. A 1-bedroom in the Old North End or downtown Burlington runs $1,500–$1,950; a 2BR in South Burlington or Williston runs $1,800–$2,300. Same nurse earning $82K in Hanover NH (Dartmouth-Hitchcock) pays no NH state tax (post-Act 219 of 2023, NH zero-income-tax) — about $3,000/year more in take-home than Vermont. The Burlington advantage at moderate income is real but quiet on the tax line; it's mostly about lifestyle, food (Hen of the Wood, A Single Pebble, Penny Cluse), and Lake Champlain access.
Scenario 2: GlobalFoundries Essex Junction senior process engineer, $145,000
| Federal income tax | ~$23,510 |
| Vermont state income tax (~5.2% effective) | ~$7,485 |
| FICA | ~$10,748 |
| Total taxes | ~$41,743 |
| Annual take-home | ~$103,257 |
| Effective combined rate | ~28.8% |
GlobalFoundries Essex Junction is the only major semiconductor fab still operating in New England — IBM's Burlington fab acquired in 2015, now manufacturing specialty silicon-on-insulator wafers and RF chips. Roughly 2,000 employees including process engineers, equipment engineers, and yield-engineering staff. Senior process engineering runs $130K–$180K base plus 8%–15% bonus. A 3-bedroom in Essex, Williston, or Colchester runs $475K–$650K. Property tax on a $550K Essex home runs about $9,500/year — the line that hurts most engineering-pay homeowners. The Burlington semiconductor cluster is small but durable, and Boston-area engineering talent occasionally moves north for the lifestyle premium and lower housing cost.
Scenario 3: Burlington-area BigLaw partner working hybrid Boston / Burlington, $385,000
| Federal income tax (MFJ) | ~$78,200 |
| Vermont state income tax (~7.0% effective) | ~$26,950 |
| FICA | ~$13,950 |
| Total taxes | ~$119,100 |
| Annual take-home | ~$265,900 |
| Effective combined rate | ~30.9% |
Vermont has a small but real legal-services market — Downs Rachlin Martin, Dinse, Sheehey Furlong, Gravel & Shea — plus partners who maintain VT residence while doing hybrid work for Boston firms (post-2020 remote-work brought partner-track lateral movement into the state for the first time in decades). The 7.0% effective rate at $385K is genuinely high — about $26,950 in VT vs $19,250 in MA at the same comp. For Boston BigLaw partners specifically, MA-source work owes MA tax with VT credit; net combined burden is the higher of the two rates on MA-source income. For pure VT-source work, VT's 7%–7.8% is binding. The $5M estate-tax cliff is the late-career consideration that frequently drives senior partners to NH or FL retirement.
Property tax + the Brigham education funding structure — the actual Vermont costs
If you ask a Vermonter what their tax bill is, they'll talk about property tax — because the structure is unusual and it shows up in cash. Vermont's effective property tax rate averages 1.90%, third-highest in the country. The structure: a statewide education property tax (set annually by the legislature based on K-12 funding requirements per the Brigham decision and Act 60 of 1997) stacked on top of municipal property tax. Both lines appear on your tax bill. A $400,000 Burlington home pays roughly $7,600/year combined. A $500,000 Stowe home (resort market) pays roughly $6,000–$7,000 — actually lower effective rate because Stowe's commercial tax base partially subsidizes the education line. Town-by-town research before purchase is mandatory.
The income-sensitivity adjustment ("prebate") is the single most-overlooked filer benefit in Vermont. For households with below ~$95K–$115K (depending on filing status for 2026, indexed annually), the program reduces the homestead education property tax based on income. A $300K Burlington homestead for a household with $75K AGI: standard education bill ~$5,200, income-sensitivity-adjusted bill ~$2,800 — savings of $2,400/year. File Form HS-122 (homestead declaration) and HI-144 (household income) every spring deadline. Frequently unclaimed.
Vermont has a 6% statewide sales tax with a local-option 1% in many towns (7% combined in Burlington). The meals-and-rooms tax (9% on prepared food, 11% on alcohol served on-premise, 9% on lodging) is among the higher restaurant tax structures in the country. The combined effect on a Burlington dinner with drinks is real: 7% sales tax on retail plus 11% on bar tabs plus the 1.90% effective property tax on housing produces an overall consumption-and-housing burden among the higher nationally.
The "should I move to New Hampshire?" math — actually run
Vermont's primary cross-border consideration is New Hampshire (the state across the Connecticut River). The Upper Valley (White River Junction VT / Lebanon NH / Hanover NH) is a genuinely integrated metro with workers crossing the river every day. Skip the older guides that claim VT-NH reciprocity (it does not exist) and run the math:
- Income tax: NH 0% on wages and on retirement income post-Act 219 of 2023 (Interest & Dividends repeal) vs Vermont's 4-bracket schedule. At $100K, Vermont costs about $4,800; NH costs $0. Annual delta: ~$4,800 saved by NH residence. At $200K, ~$11,500 saved.
- Cross-border source rule: NH residents working in VT pay VT tax on VT-source wages (no reciprocity). VT residents working in NH pay NH 0% on NH-source wages — but their VT residence makes them owe VT tax on the same wages with no NH credit to offset. Net: VT residents working in NH pay VT's full progressive rate on those wages. The directional asymmetry is what makes Upper Valley cross-border math complex.
- Property tax: NH 1.93% effective vs VT 1.90% — comparable. For a $400K home, both states bill roughly $7,700/year. Town-by-town variation matters more than state-level averages — Hanover NH (Dartmouth) runs 1.6%; Lebanon NH 1.8%; White River Junction VT 1.7%; rural Vermont towns 1.4%–1.6%. No clear state-level winner on property tax.
- Sales tax: NH 0% vs VT 6% (7% in Burlington and adopted-local-option towns). Cross-border shopping to NH is genuine and routine for Upper Valley residents — major purchases (vehicles, electronics, appliances) consistently happen on the NH side.
- Estate tax: NH no estate tax vs VT $5M exemption with 16% top rate. For HNW families approaching retirement, this is the dominant late-career relocation factor. A Vermont resident with $7M in net assets owes roughly $300K–$400K in VT estate tax that NH would not touch. Plan the move 3+ years ahead with a qualified estate attorney; the savings compound at high net worth.
- What you give up by leaving Vermont for NH: UVM Medical Center's tertiary-referral medical depth (Dartmouth-Hitchcock is comparable but on the NH side anyway), Vermont Health Connect's insurance marketplace, the income-sensitivity property-tax adjustment, and the 38%-of-federal EITC. For lower-income filers, the VT services package can outweigh tax savings; for moderate-to-high-income filers, NH residence almost always wins on combined burden.
Quick guide: $80K UVM Medical Center nurse — VT and NH close on combined tax-and-property; lifestyle and services should drive. $145K GlobalFoundries engineer — NH residence saves $5K–$7K/year on combined burden; for engineers willing to live in Lebanon or Hanover NH commuting to Essex Junction, the math is favorable. $385K BigLaw partner — NH residence saves $20K+/year in working years and $300K+ in eventual estate tax. HNW retirees $5M+ — NH residence is one of the more consequential late-career moves available to Vermonters; the estate-tax delta dominates the calculus.
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Things financially comfortable Vermonters actually do
If you earn $80K+ and you're not doing most of these, you're leaving real money on the table. None of this is exotic. Most of it requires 30 minutes of setup once a year and discipline the rest of the year.
- Max your — $24,500 in 2026 (catch-up $8,000 at 50+, super catch-up $11,250 at 60–63). Vermont conforms to federal pre-tax; every $1,000 deferred saves about $290 in combined Vermont-plus-federal tax at the 6.6% middle bracket plus 22% federal. UVM Medical Center, GlobalFoundries, Beta Technologies, and most major employers offer 4%–6% match.
- at GlobalFoundries — the plan permits after-tax contributions to the §415(c) cap of $72,000 in 2026 with in-plan Roth conversion. After-tax space typically runs $30K+/year. UVM Medical Center plan is similar but verify with your benefits office.
- File Form HS-122 + HI-144 every spring for the income-sensitivity property tax adjustment. For households with below ~$95K–$115K (depending on filing status), the program reduces homestead education property tax substantially — frequently $1,500–$3,000/year on a $300K Burlington home. Frequently unclaimed.
- VHEIP (Vermont's 529) — Vermont residents claim a 10% state tax credit on contributions up to $2,500 single / $5,000 per beneficiary annually. The 10% credit on $2,500 returns $250 — comparable to most state 529 benefits.
- Vermont Earned Income Tax Credit at 38% of federal — most generous in the country. For lower-income workers (under ~$67K ), the combined federal EITC + 38% Vermont EITC can clearly change household after-tax economics. Self-prepared filers using out-of-state software occasionally miss this.
- Max your if eligible — $4,400 single / $8,750 family. Triple-tax-advantaged. Vermont conforms to federal pre-tax on the state line.
- If you're HNW with $5M+ assets approaching retirement, plan the residency conversation with an estate attorney experienced in VT exit-domicile 3+ years ahead. Vermont's audit posture is moderate (less aggressive than MA) but documentation matters: voter registration, driver's license, primary residence declaration, doctor and dentist relocation. NH or FL are the standard destinations.
Real questions people actually ask
Q: Does Vermont actually have reciprocity with New Hampshire, Massachusetts, or New York?
No. This is one of the most common errors in older Vermont tax guides. Vermont does not have wage-tax reciprocity agreements with any state. The interstate flow works through credit for tax paid to another state on the resident return — a Vermont resident working in Boston pays MA tax on MA-source wages and claims a Vermont credit for the MA tax against any Vermont liability on that income. Net combined burden is the higher of the two rates on the source income. NH residents working in Vermont pay Vermont tax on Vermont-source wages. NY residents working in Vermont pay both NY and VT, with VT credit on the resident-state return. The directional flow matters and the credit math is genuine, but no reciprocity exists.
Q: What's the property-tax structure actually doing on my bill?
Two lines. Municipal property tax (your town's general government, roads, fire, services) plus the statewide education property tax (set annually, varying for homestead vs non-homestead) — both stack on the same bill. The structure dates to the Brigham decision (1997) and Act 60 of 1997, which required equalized education funding across school districts. Income-sensitivity adjustment reduces the homestead-classified education line for moderate-income households. File HS-122 and HI-144 every spring; if you qualify for income sensitivity, savings compound across years.
Q: Is the GlobalFoundries job market actually competitive with Boston-area semiconductor employers?
Comparable on base pay, with cost-of-living advantages in housing. Senior process engineering at GlobalFoundries Essex Junction: $130K–$180K base plus 8%–15% bonus. Same role at Analog Devices Wilmington MA or Skyworks Woburn: $140K–$195K. The Boston-area role pays $5K–$15K more in base but Essex / Williston housing runs $50K–$150K cheaper. Net-net GlobalFoundries is a workable career. Trade-off is the small adjacent semiconductor cluster — if you ever leave, the next in-state opportunity is genuinely thin.
Q: Does Vermont tax Social Security or pension income?
Vermont offers a partial Social Security exemption for filers with below ~$50K single / $65K for 2026 (with phase-out above) — modest by national standards. Above thresholds, SS is taxed under federal-AGI conformity. Pensions, , and IRA distributions are taxed at standard rates with no retirement-income exemption. Combined with 1.90% property tax (income-sensitivity helps moderate-income retirees) and the $5M estate-tax exemption, Vermont's retirement math is mediocre nationally — workable for moderate-income retirees with paid-off mortgages and below-threshold AGI.
Q: Is the Vermont EITC at 38% of federal really that generous?
Yes, in absolute terms. For 2026, the federal EITC maximum credit for a family with three children is roughly $7,830; Vermont's 38% match adds another $2,975 — among the largest state EITC supplements in the country. For a single filer with no children at the federal EITC cap (~$649 for 2026), the Vermont match adds $247. The EITC is refundable at both federal and state levels. For lower-income working families, the combined federal-plus-Vermont EITC can clearly change household after-tax economics. Frequently unclaimed by self-prepared filers using out-of-state software.
Our honest opinion (which is just an opinion)
Vermont is genuinely competitive for working professionals who specifically value the state's services package — universal-access health insurance via Vermont Health Connect, robust K-12 education funding, the most generous EITC in the country, and the Burlington tech-and-medical employer cluster anchored by UVM Medical Center and GlobalFoundries. The 4-bracket income tax tops at 8.75% only above $229K, so most professionals at typical comp pay 5.5%–6.5% effective — moderate by Northeast Corridor standards. The hard parts are the 1.90% property tax (third-highest in the country, durably tied to the Brigham education-funding requirement), the $5M estate-tax cliff that drives HNW late-career relocation, and the genuinely thin career mobility outside Burlington and the Upper Valley.
The case for Vermont:
- +Top rate 8.75% only above ~$229K — most professionals pay 5.5%–6.5% effective, moderate by Northeast standards
- +Burlington tech cluster (Beta Technologies, Dealer.com, OnLogic, Burton, GlobalFoundries)
- +UVM Medical Center (~9,000) — academic medical anchor for northern New England
- +Vermont Health Connect — universal-access insurance marketplace
- +Vermont EITC at 38% of federal — most generous in the country, refundable
- +Income-sensitivity property tax adjustment for moderate-income households
- +Lake Champlain, Green Mountains, ski-resort, and agricultural lifestyle
The case against:
- −Property tax 1.90% effective — third-highest in the country, durably tied to the Brigham education-funding requirement
- −Vermont Estate Tax: $5M exemption (federal $13.99M) — drives HNW late-career relocation
- −No reciprocity with any state — cross-border workers file in both states with credit-for-tax-paid
- −Standard deduction $7,400 single / $14,800 — small relative to federal
- −High-comp white-collar career mobility limited outside Burlington / GlobalFoundries / Upper Valley healthcare
- −Cold winters and February-March mud season are real lifestyle factors
- −Cost of living above NH and rural northern NY for comparable amenities
Honest take: Vermont is genuinely strong for UVM Medical Center healthcare professionals, GlobalFoundries semiconductor engineers, Beta Technologies workers, Burlington tech and outdoor-industry professionals, filers who value the state services package, and lifestyle prioritizers willing to trade urban density for Lake Champlain access. Less compelling for pure cost-optimizers (NH dominates on combined burden), high earners targeting Boston-level finance or biotech career depth, and HNW retirees facing the $5M estate-tax cliff.
What now
Run your numbers in the calculator at the top of this page. Vermont's calc engine reflects the 4-bracket schedule; most professionals see 5.5%–6.5% effective state rate at typical comp.
If you own your home, file HS-122 (homestead) AND HI-144 (household income) every spring. If your is below the income-sensitivity threshold (~$95K–$115K depending on filing status), the adjustment reduces the homestead education line substantially — frequently $1,500–$3,000/year saved. Forms take fifteen minutes online.
Max your and capture the Vermont EITC if you qualify. At VT 6.6% plus 22%–24% federal, every $1,000 pre-tax saves about $290. If you're at GlobalFoundries or UVM Medical Center with after-tax 401(k) provisions, the is the highest-leverage move. HNW family approaching retirement with $5M+ assets: the residency conversation with an estate attorney experienced in VT exit-domicile is consequential — VT estate tax at $7M assets runs $300K–$400K that NH or FL would not touch.
Sources & further reading
- →Vermont Department of Taxes — Form IN-111 instructions and rate schedule
- →Vermont Form HS-122 (homestead declaration) + HI-144 (income sensitivity)
- →Brigham v. Vermont (1997) and Act 60 — statewide education property tax
- →Vermont Higher Education Investment Plan (VHEIP 529)
- →Tax Foundation — 2026 State Income Tax Rates
- →IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 — federal brackets and standard deduction for 2026
A few honest notes
- Not personal tax, legal, or financial advice. Verify with a licensed CPA, EA, or tax attorney before making decisions that depend on these numbers.
- Tax law changes. This guide reflects 2026 IRS schedules and current Vermont Department of Taxes rules.
- Vermont does NOT have wage-tax reciprocity with any state — older guides claiming reciprocity with NH/MA/NY are wrong. Cross-border flow works through credit for tax paid to another state.
- Vermont homestead declaration (Form HS-122) and household income return (HI-144) must be filed annually for the income-sensitivity property tax adjustment.
- Property tax estimates vary by town; statewide education property tax stacks on municipal rates. Income-sensitivity adjustment substantially reduces homestead bills for qualifying households.
- Vermont Estate Tax: $5M exemption with 16% top rate — well below federal $13.99M. HNW exit-domicile planning is genuinely common late-career.
- Scenario numbers are illustrative — they don't include every credit, deduction, or wrinkle that might apply to your specific filing situation.
- Reading this page does not create a client relationship between you and ProSalaryTax.
Last updated May 2026 with 2026 IRS schedules and current Vermont Department of Taxes guidance.
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